Glaucoma
A group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, often caused by high eye pressure, leading to vision loss if untreated.
Glaucoma is known as the “silent thief of sight” because it often causes no symptoms until vision loss has already begun. It damages the optic nerve, usually due to high pressure inside the eye, and can lead to irreversible blindness if untreated.
Glaucoma Risk factors include:
Age over 40
Family history of glaucoma
African, Asian, or Hispanic heritage
Diabetes, high blood pressure
Long-term steroid use
Symptoms to watch for:
Gradual loss of side (peripheral) vision
Tunnel vision in advanced cases
Sudden eye pain, halos, or nausea (in rare acute glaucoma)
How it’s diagnosed:
Eye pressure measurement (tonometry)
Optic nerve exam
Visual field test
OCT scan of the retina and nerve
Treatment options:Most cases can be managed with eye drops that lower eye pressure. In more advanced stages, laser therapy or surgery may be recommended.
Tip: Everyone over 40 should have regular eye exams, since glaucoma is easiest to treat when caught early.