Macular Degeneration
An eye disease that affects the central part of the retina (the macula) leading to loss of central vision.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) damages the macula, the part of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision. It is one of the most common causes of vision loss in people over 55.
Types:
Dry AMD: Most common; progresses slowly as the macula thins.
Wet AMD: Less common but more severe; caused by abnormal leaky blood vessels.
Risk factors:
Age over 55
Family history of AMD
Smoking
High blood pressure or cholesterol
Prolonged UV exposure
Typical symptoms:
Blurred or distorted central vision
Straight lines looking wavy
Dark or empty spots in the center of vision
Needing brighter light for reading
Diagnosis & treatment:
Dry AMD: No cure, but diet changes, special supplements, and quitting smoking can slow progression.
Wet AMD: Treated with injections of anti-VEGF medicine to stop abnormal vessel growth; sometimes lasers are used.
Prevention tips:
Eat leafy greens, fish, and antioxidant-rich foods
Wear UV-protective sunglasses
Stop smoking
Get regular eye exams after age 40
Early detection is key. Many people keep good vision for years with proper care.